Class String

public static final Comparator CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER

A Comparator that uses String.compareToIgnoreCase(String). This comparator is Serializable. Note that it ignores Locale, for that, you want a Collator.

Since:

1.2

See Also:

Collator.compare(String,String)

public String()

Creates an empty String (length 0). Unless you really need a new object, consider using "" instead.

public String(byte[] data)

Creates a new String using the byte array. Uses the encoding of the platform's default charset, so the resulting string may be longer or shorter than the byte array. For more decoding control, use CharsetDecoder. The behavior is not specified if the decoder encounters invalid characters; this implementation throws an Error.

Parameters:

data - byte array to copy

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data is null

Since:

1.1

See Also:

String(byte[],int,int), String(byte[],int,int,String)

public String(byte[] ascii,
              int hibyte)

Deprecated. use String(byte[],String) to perform correct encoding

Creates a new String using an 8-bit array of integer values. Each character c, using corresponding byte b, is created in the new String as if by performing:

 c = (char) (((hibyte & 0xff) << 8) | (b & 0xff))
 

Parameters:

ascii - array of integer values

hibyte - top byte of each Unicode character

Throws:

NullPointerException - if ascii is null

See Also:

String(byte[]), String(byte[],String), String(byte[],int,int), String(byte[],int,int,String), String(byte[],int,int,int)

public String(byte[] data,
              int offset,
              int count)

Creates a new String using the portion of the byte array starting at the offset and ending at offset + count. Uses the encoding of the platform's default charset, so the resulting string may be longer or shorter than the byte array. For more decoding control, use CharsetDecoder. The behavior is not specified if the decoder encounters invalid characters; this implementation throws an Error.

Parameters:

data - byte array to copy

offset - the offset to start at

count - the number of bytes in the array to use

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data is null

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if offset or count is incorrect

Since:

1.1

See Also:

String(byte[],int,int,String)

public String(byte[] ascii,
              int hibyte,
              int offset,
              int count)

Deprecated. use String(byte[],int,int,String) to perform correct encoding

Creates a new String using an 8-bit array of integer values, starting at an offset, and copying up to the count. Each character c, using corresponding byte b, is created in the new String as if by performing:

 c = (char) (((hibyte & 0xff) << 8) | (b & 0xff))
 

Parameters:

ascii - array of integer values

hibyte - top byte of each Unicode character

offset - position (base 0) to start copying out of ascii

count - the number of characters from ascii to copy

Throws:

NullPointerException - if ascii is null

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if (offset < 0 || count < 0 || offset + count < 0 (overflow) || offset + count > ascii.length) (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

See Also:

String(byte[]), String(byte[],String), String(byte[],int,int), String(byte[],int,int,String)

public String(byte[] data,
              int offset,
              int count,
              String encoding)
            throws UnsupportedEncodingException

Creates a new String using the portion of the byte array starting at the offset and ending at offset + count. Uses the specified encoding type to decode the byte array, so the resulting string may be longer or shorter than the byte array. For more decoding control, use CharsetDecoder, and for valid character sets, see Charset. The behavior is not specified if the decoder encounters invalid characters; this implementation throws an Error.

Parameters:

data - byte array to copy

offset - the offset to start at

count - the number of bytes in the array to use

encoding - the name of the encoding to use

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data or encoding is null

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if offset or count is incorrect (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

UnsupportedEncodingException - if encoding is not found

Since:

1.1

public String(byte[] data,
              String encoding)
            throws UnsupportedEncodingException

Creates a new String using the byte array. Uses the specified encoding type to decode the byte array, so the resulting string may be longer or shorter than the byte array. For more decoding control, use CharsetDecoder, and for valid character sets, see Charset. The behavior is not specified if the decoder encounters invalid characters; this implementation throws an Error.

Parameters:

data - byte array to copy

encoding - the name of the encoding to use

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data or encoding is null

UnsupportedEncodingException - if encoding is not found

Since:

1.1

See Also:

String(byte[],int,int,String)

public String(char[] data)

Creates a new String using the character sequence of the char array. Subsequent changes to data do not affect the String.

Parameters:

data - char array to copy

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data is null

public String(char[] data,
              int offset,
              int count)

Creates a new String using the character sequence of a subarray of characters. The string starts at offset, and copies count chars. Subsequent changes to data do not affect the String.

Parameters:

data - char array to copy

offset - position (base 0) to start copying out of data

count - the number of characters from data to copy

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data is null

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if (offset < 0 || count < 0 || offset + count < 0 (overflow) || offset + count > data.length) (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

public String(int[] codePoints,
              int offset,
              int count)

Creates a new String containing the characters represented in the given subarray of Unicode code points.

Parameters:

codePoints - the entire array of code points

offset - the start of the subarray

count - the length of the subarray

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if an invalid code point is found in the codePoints array

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if offset is negative or offset + count is greater than the length of the array.

public String(String str)

Copies the contents of a String to a new String. Since Strings are immutable, only a shallow copy is performed.

Parameters:

str - String to copy

Throws:

NullPointerException - if value is null

public String(StringBuffer buffer)

Creates a new String using the character sequence represented by the StringBuffer. Subsequent changes to buf do not affect the String.

Parameters:

buffer - StringBuffer to copy

Throws:

NullPointerException - if buffer is null

public String(StringBuilder buffer)

Creates a new String using the character sequence represented by the StringBuilder. Subsequent changes to buf do not affect the String.

Parameters:

buffer - StringBuilder to copy

Throws:

NullPointerException - if buffer is null

public char charAt(int index)

Returns the character located at the specified index within this String.

Specified by:

charAt in interface CharSequence

Parameters:

index - position of character to return (base 0)

Returns:

character located at position index

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if index < 0 || index >= length() (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

public int codePointAt(int index)

Get the code point at the specified index. This is like #charAt(int), but if the character is the start of a surrogate pair, and the following character completes the pair, then the corresponding supplementary code point is returned.

Parameters:

index - the index of the codepoint to get, starting at 0

Returns:

the codepoint at the specified index

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if index is negative or >= length()

Since:

1.5

public int codePointBefore(int index)

Get the code point before the specified index. This is like #codePointAt(int), but checks the characters at index-1 and index-2 to see if they form a supplementary code point.

Parameters:

index - the index just past the codepoint to get, starting at 0

Returns:

the codepoint at the specified index

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if index is negative or >= length() (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

Since:

1.5

public int codePointCount(int start,
                          int end)

Return the number of code points between two indices in the String. An unpaired surrogate counts as a code point for this purpose. Characters outside the indicated range are not examined, even if the range ends in the middle of a surrogate pair.

Parameters:

start - the starting index

end - one past the ending index

Returns:

the number of code points

Since:

1.5

public int compareTo(String anotherString)

Compares this String and another String (case sensitive, lexicographically). The result is less than 0 if this string sorts before the other, 0 if they are equal, and greater than 0 otherwise. After any common starting sequence is skipped, the result is this.charAt(k) - anotherString.charAt(k) if both strings have characters remaining, or this.length() - anotherString.length() if one string is a subsequence of the other.

Parameters:

anotherString - the String to compare against

Returns:

the comparison

Throws:

NullPointerException - if anotherString is null

public int compareToIgnoreCase(String str)

Compares this String and another String (case insensitive). This comparison is similar to equalsIgnoreCase, in that it ignores locale and multi-characater capitalization, and compares characters after performing Character.toLowerCase(Character.toUpperCase(c)) on each character of the string. This is unsatisfactory for locale-based comparison, in which case you should use Collator.

Parameters:

str - the string to compare against

Returns:

the comparison

Since:

1.2

See Also:

Collator.compare(String,String)

public String concat(String str)

Concatenates a String to this String. This results in a new string unless one of the two originals is "".

Parameters:

str - String to append to this String

Returns:

newly concatenated String

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null

public boolean contains(CharSequence s)

Returns true iff this String contains the sequence of Characters described in s.

Parameters:

s - the CharSequence

Returns:

true iff this String contains s

Since:

1.5

public boolean contentEquals(CharSequence seq)

Compares the given CharSequence to this String. This is true if the CharSequence has the same content as this String at this moment.

Parameters:

seq - the CharSequence to compare to

Returns:

true if CharSequence has the same character sequence

Throws:

NullPointerException - if the given CharSequence is null

Since:

1.5

public boolean contentEquals(StringBuffer buffer)

Compares the given StringBuffer to this String. This is true if the StringBuffer has the same content as this String at this moment.

Parameters:

buffer - the StringBuffer to compare to

Returns:

true if StringBuffer has the same character sequence

Throws:

NullPointerException - if the given StringBuffer is null

Since:

1.4

public static String copyValueOf(char[] data)

Returns a String representation of a character array. Subsequent changes to the array do not affect the String.

Parameters:

data - the character array

Returns:

a String containing the same character sequence as data

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data is null

See Also:

copyValueOf(char[],int,int), String(char[])

public static String copyValueOf(char[] data,
                                 int offset,
                                 int count)

Returns a String representing the character sequence of the char array, starting at the specified offset, and copying chars up to the specified count. Subsequent changes to the array do not affect the String.

Parameters:

data - character array

offset - position (base 0) to start copying out of data

count - the number of characters from data to copy

Returns:

String containing the chars from data[offset..offset+count]

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data is null

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if (offset < 0 || count < 0 || offset + count < 0 (overflow) || offset + count < 0 (overflow) || offset + count > data.length) (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

See Also:

String(char[],int,int)

public boolean endsWith(String suffix)

Predicate which determines if this String ends with a given suffix. If the suffix is an empty String, true is returned.

Parameters:

suffix - String to compare

Returns:

true if this String ends with the suffix

Throws:

NullPointerException - if suffix is null

See Also:

regionMatches(boolean,int,String,int,int)

public boolean equals(Object anObject)

Predicate which compares anObject to this. This is true only for Strings with the same character sequence.

Overrides:

equals in interface Object

Parameters:

anObject - the object to compare

Returns:

true if anObject is semantically equal to this

See Also:

compareTo(String), equalsIgnoreCase(String)

public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString)

Compares a String to this String, ignoring case. This does not handle multi-character capitalization exceptions; instead the comparison is made on a character-by-character basis, and is true if:

• c1 == c2
• Character.toUpperCase(c1) == Character.toUpperCase(c2)
• Character.toLowerCase(c1) == Character.toLowerCase(c2)

Parameters:

anotherString - String to compare to this String

Returns:

true if anotherString is equal, ignoring case

See Also:

equals(Object), Character.toUpperCase(char), Character.toLowerCase(char)

public static String format(String format,
                            java.lang.Object... args)

Since:

1.5

public static String format(Locale locale,
                            String format,
                            java.lang.Object... args)

Since:

1.5

public byte[] getBytes()

Converts the Unicode characters in this String to a byte array. Uses the encoding of the platform's default charset, so the result may be longer or shorter than the String. For more encoding control, use CharsetEncoder. Unsupported characters get replaced by an encoding specific byte.

Returns:

the resulting byte array, or null on a problem

Since:

1.1

public void getBytes(int srcBegin,
                     int srcEnd,
                     dst[] ,
                     int dstBegin)

Deprecated. use getBytes(), which uses a char to byte encoder

Copies the low byte of each character from this String starting at a specified start index, ending at a specified stop index, to a byte array starting at a specified destination begin index.

Parameters:

srcBegin - index to being copying characters from this String

srcEnd - index after the last character to be copied from this String

dstBegin - index to start writing characters into dst

Throws:

NullPointerException - if dst is null and copy length is non-zero

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if any indices are out of bounds (while unspecified, source problems cause a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException, and dst problems cause an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException)

See Also:

getBytes(), getBytes(String)

public byte[] getBytes(String enc)
            throws UnsupportedEncodingException

Converts the Unicode characters in this String to a byte array. Uses the specified encoding method, so the result may be longer or shorter than the String. For more encoding control, use CharsetEncoder, and for valid character sets, see Charset. Unsupported characters get replaced by an encoding specific byte.

Parameters:

enc - encoding name

Returns:

the resulting byte array

Throws:

NullPointerException - if enc is null

UnsupportedEncodingException - if encoding is not supported

Since:

1.1

public void getChars(int srcBegin,
                     int srcEnd,
                     dst[] ,
                     int dstBegin)

Copies characters from this String starting at a specified start index, ending at a specified stop index, to a character array starting at a specified destination begin index.

Parameters:

srcBegin - index to begin copying characters from this String

srcEnd - index after the last character to be copied from this String

dstBegin - index to start writing characters into dst

Throws:

NullPointerException - if dst is null

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if any indices are out of bounds (while unspecified, source problems cause a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException, and dst problems cause an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException)

public int hashCode()

Computes the hashcode for this String. This is done with int arithmetic, where ** represents exponentiation, by this formula:
s[0]*31**(n-1) + s[1]*31**(n-2) + ... + s[n-1].

Overrides:

hashCode in interface Object

Returns:

hashcode value of this String

public int indexOf(int ch)

Finds the first instance of a character in this String.

Parameters:

ch - character to find

Returns:

location (base 0) of the character, or -1 if not found

public int indexOf(int ch,
                   int fromIndex)

Finds the first instance of a character in this String, starting at a given index. If starting index is less than 0, the search starts at the beginning of this String. If the starting index is greater than the length of this String, -1 is returned.

Parameters:

ch - character to find

fromIndex - index to start the search

Returns:

location (base 0) of the character, or -1 if not found

public int indexOf(String str)

Finds the first instance of a String in this String.

Parameters:

str - String to find

Returns:

location (base 0) of the String, or -1 if not found

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null

public int indexOf(String str,
                   int fromIndex)

Finds the first instance of a String in this String, starting at a given index. If starting index is less than 0, the search starts at the beginning of this String. If the starting index is greater than the length of this String, -1 is returned.

Parameters:

str - String to find

fromIndex - index to start the search

Returns:

location (base 0) of the String, or -1 if not found

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null

public String intern()

If two Strings are considered equal, by the equals() method, then intern() will return the same String instance. ie. if (s1.equals(s2)) then (s1.intern() == s2.intern()). All string literals and string-valued constant expressions are already interned.

Returns:

the interned String

public boolean isEmpty()

Returns true if, and only if, length() is 0.

Returns:

true if the length of the string is zero.

Since:

1.6

public int lastIndexOf(int ch)

Finds the last instance of a character in this String.

Parameters:

ch - character to find

Returns:

location (base 0) of the character, or -1 if not found

public int lastIndexOf(int ch,
                       int fromIndex)

Finds the last instance of a character in this String, starting at a given index. If starting index is greater than the maximum valid index, then the search begins at the end of this String. If the starting index is less than zero, -1 is returned.

Parameters:

ch - character to find

fromIndex - index to start the search

Returns:

location (base 0) of the character, or -1 if not found

public int lastIndexOf(String str)

Finds the last instance of a String in this String.

Parameters:

str - String to find

Returns:

location (base 0) of the String, or -1 if not found

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null

public int lastIndexOf(String str,
                       int fromIndex)

Finds the last instance of a String in this String, starting at a given index. If starting index is greater than the maximum valid index, then the search begins at the end of this String. If the starting index is less than zero, -1 is returned.

Parameters:

str - String to find

fromIndex - index to start the search

Returns:

location (base 0) of the String, or -1 if not found

Throws:

NullPointerException - if str is null

public int length()

Returns the number of characters contained in this String.

Specified by:

length in interface CharSequence

Returns:

the length of this String

public boolean matches(String regex)

Test if this String matches a regular expression. This is shorthand for Pattern.matches(regex, this).

Parameters:

regex - the pattern to match

Returns:

true if the pattern matches

Throws:

NullPointerException - if regex is null

PatternSyntaxException - if regex is invalid

Since:

1.4

See Also:

Pattern.matches(String,CharSequence)

public int offsetByCodePoints(int index,
                              int codePointOffset)

Return the index into this String that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points.

Parameters:

index - the index at which to start

codePointOffset - the number of code points to offset

Returns:

the index into this String that is codePointOffset code points offset from index.

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if index is negative or larger than the length of this string.

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if codePointOffset is positive and the substring starting with index has fewer than codePointOffset code points.

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if codePointOffset is negative and the substring ending with index has fewer than (-codePointOffset) code points.

Since:

1.5

public boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase,
                             int toffset,
                             String other,
                             int ooffset,
                             int len)

Predicate which determines if this String matches another String starting at a specified offset for each String and continuing for a specified length, optionally ignoring case. Indices out of bounds are harmless, and give a false result. Case comparisons are based on Character.toLowerCase() and Character.toUpperCase(), not on multi-character capitalization expansions.

Parameters:

ignoreCase - true if case should be ignored in comparision

toffset - index to start comparison at for this String

other - String to compare region to this String

ooffset - index to start comparison at for other

len - number of characters to compare

Returns:

true if regions match, false otherwise

Throws:

NullPointerException - if other is null

public boolean regionMatches(int toffset,
                             String other,
                             int ooffset,
                             int len)

Predicate which determines if this String matches another String starting at a specified offset for each String and continuing for a specified length. Indices out of bounds are harmless, and give a false result.

Parameters:

toffset - index to start comparison at for this String

other - String to compare region to this String

ooffset - index to start comparison at for other

len - number of characters to compare

Returns:

true if regions match (case sensitive)

Throws:

NullPointerException - if other is null

public String replace(char oldChar,
                      char newChar)

Replaces every instance of a character in this String with a new character. If no replacements occur, this is returned.

Parameters:

oldChar - the old character to replace

newChar - the new character

Returns:

new String with all instances of oldChar replaced with newChar

public String replace(CharSequence target,
                      CharSequence replacement)

Returns a string that is this string with all instances of the sequence represented by target replaced by the sequence in replacement.

Parameters:

target - the sequence to be replaced

replacement - the sequence used as the replacement

Returns:

the string constructed as above

public String replaceAll(String regex,
                         String replacement)

Replaces all matching substrings of the regular expression with a given replacement. This is shorthand for Pattern .compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceAll(replacement).

Parameters:

regex - the pattern to match

replacement - the replacement string

Returns:

the modified string

Throws:

NullPointerException - if regex or replacement is null

PatternSyntaxException - if regex is invalid

Since:

1.4

See Also:

replaceFirst(String,String), Pattern.compile(String), Pattern.matcher(CharSequence), Matcher.replaceAll(String)

public String replaceFirst(String regex,
                           String replacement)

Replaces the first substring match of the regular expression with a given replacement. This is shorthand for Pattern .compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceFirst(replacement).

Parameters:

regex - the pattern to match

replacement - the replacement string

Returns:

the modified string

Throws:

NullPointerException - if regex or replacement is null

PatternSyntaxException - if regex is invalid

Since:

1.4

See Also:

replaceAll(String,String), Pattern.compile(String), Pattern.matcher(CharSequence), Matcher.replaceFirst(String)

public String[] split(String regex)

Split this string around the matches of a regular expression. Each element of the returned array is the largest block of characters not terminated by the regular expression, in the order the matches are found. The array length is unlimited, and trailing empty entries are discarded, as though calling split(regex, 0).

Parameters:

regex - the pattern to match

Returns:

the array of split strings

Throws:

NullPointerException - if regex or replacement is null

PatternSyntaxException - if regex is invalid

Since:

1.4

See Also:

split(String,int), Pattern.compile(String), Pattern.split(CharSequence,int)

public String[] split(String regex,
                      int limit)

Split this string around the matches of a regular expression. Each element of the returned array is the largest block of characters not terminated by the regular expression, in the order the matches are found.

The limit affects the length of the array. If it is positive, the array will contain at most n elements (n - 1 pattern matches). If negative, the array length is unlimited, but there can be trailing empty entries. if 0, the array length is unlimited, and trailing empty entries are discarded.

For example, splitting "boo:and:foo" yields:

	Regex	Limit	Result
":"	2	{ "boo", "and:foo" }
":"	t	{ "boo", "and", "foo" }
":"	-2	{ "boo", "and", "foo" }
"o"	5	{ "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }
"o"	-2	{ "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }
"o"	0	{ "b", "", ":and:f" }

This is shorthand for Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit).

Parameters:

regex - the pattern to match

limit - the limit threshold

Returns:

the array of split strings

Throws:

NullPointerException - if regex or replacement is null

PatternSyntaxException - if regex is invalid

Since:

1.4

See Also:

Pattern.compile(String), Pattern.split(CharSequence,int)

public boolean startsWith(String prefix)

Predicate which determines if this String starts with a given prefix. If the prefix is an empty String, true is returned.

Parameters:

prefix - String to compare

Returns:

true if this String starts with the prefix

Throws:

NullPointerException - if prefix is null

See Also:

startsWith(String,int)

public boolean startsWith(String prefix,
                          int toffset)

Predicate which determines if this String contains the given prefix, beginning comparison at toffset. The result is false if toffset is negative or greater than this.length(), otherwise it is the same as this.substring(toffset).startsWith(prefix).

Parameters:

prefix - String to compare

toffset - offset for this String where comparison starts

Returns:

true if this String starts with prefix

Throws:

NullPointerException - if prefix is null

See Also:

regionMatches(boolean,int,String,int,int)

public CharSequence subSequence(int begin,
                                int end)

Creates a substring of this String, starting at a specified index and ending at one character before a specified index. This behaves like substring(begin, end).

Specified by:

subSequence in interface CharSequence

Parameters:

begin - index to start substring (inclusive, base 0)

end - index to end at (exclusive)

Returns:

new String which is a substring of this String

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if begin < 0 || end > length() || begin > end

Since:

1.4

public String substring(int begin)

Creates a substring of this String, starting at a specified index and ending at the end of this String.

Parameters:

begin - index to start substring (base 0)

Returns:

new String which is a substring of this String

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if begin < 0 || begin > length() (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

public String substring(int beginIndex,
                        int endIndex)

Creates a substring of this String, starting at a specified index and ending at one character before a specified index.

Parameters:

beginIndex - index to start substring (inclusive, base 0)

endIndex - index to end at (exclusive)

Returns:

new String which is a substring of this String

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if begin < 0 || end > length() || begin > end (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

public char[] toCharArray()

Copies the contents of this String into a character array. Subsequent changes to the array do not affect the String.

Returns:

character array copying the String

public String toLowerCase()

Lowercases this String. This uses Unicode's special case mappings, as applied to the platform's default Locale, so the resulting string may be a different length.

Returns:

new lowercased String, or this if no characters were lowercased

See Also:

toLowerCase(Locale), toUpperCase()

public String toLowerCase(Locale loc)

Lowercases this String according to a particular locale. This uses Unicode's special case mappings, as applied to the given Locale, so the resulting string may be a different length.

Parameters:

loc - locale to use

Returns:

new lowercased String, or this if no characters were lowercased

Throws:

NullPointerException - if loc is null

Since:

1.1

See Also:

toUpperCase(Locale)

public String toString()

Returns this, as it is already a String!

Specified by:

toString in interface CharSequence

Overrides:

toString in interface Object

Returns:

this

public String toUpperCase()

Uppercases this String. This uses Unicode's special case mappings, as applied to the platform's default Locale, so the resulting string may be a different length.

Returns:

new uppercased String, or this if no characters were uppercased

See Also:

toUpperCase(Locale), toLowerCase()

public String toUpperCase(Locale loc)

Uppercases this String according to a particular locale. This uses Unicode's special case mappings, as applied to the given Locale, so the resulting string may be a different length.

Parameters:

loc - locale to use

Returns:

new uppercased String, or this if no characters were uppercased

Throws:

NullPointerException - if loc is null

Since:

1.1

See Also:

toLowerCase(Locale)

public String trim()

Trims all characters less than or equal to '\u0020' (' ') from the beginning and end of this String. This includes many, but not all, ASCII control characters, and all Character.isWhitespace(char).

Returns:

new trimmed String, or this if nothing trimmed

public static String valueOf(boolean b)

Returns a String representing a boolean.

Parameters:

b - the boolean

Returns:

"true" if b is true, else "false"

public static String valueOf(char c)

Returns a String representing a character.

Parameters:

c - the character

Returns:

String containing the single character c

public static String valueOf(char[] data)

Returns a String representation of a character array. Subsequent changes to the array do not affect the String.

Parameters:

data - the character array

Returns:

a String containing the same character sequence as data

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data is null

See Also:

valueOf(char[],int,int), String(char[])

public static String valueOf(char[] data,
                             int offset,
                             int count)

Returns a String representing the character sequence of the char array, starting at the specified offset, and copying chars up to the specified count. Subsequent changes to the array do not affect the String.

Parameters:

data - character array

offset - position (base 0) to start copying out of data

count - the number of characters from data to copy

Returns:

String containing the chars from data[offset..offset+count]

Throws:

NullPointerException - if data is null

IndexOutOfBoundsException - if (offset < 0 || count < 0 || offset + count > data.length) (while unspecified, this is a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException)

See Also:

String(char[],int,int)

public static String valueOf(double d)

Returns a String representing a double.

Parameters:

d - the double

Returns:

String containing the double

See Also:

Double.toString(double)

public static String valueOf(float f)

Returns a String representing a float.

Parameters:

f - the float

Returns:

String containing the float

See Also:

Float.toString(float)

public static String valueOf(int i)

Returns a String representing an integer.

Parameters:

i - the integer

Returns:

String containing the integer in base 10

See Also:

Integer.toString(int)

public static String valueOf(Object obj)

Returns a String representation of an Object. This is "null" if the object is null, otherwise it is obj.toString() (which can be null).

Parameters:

obj - the Object

Returns:

the string conversion of obj

public static String valueOf(long l)

Returns a String representing a long.

Parameters:

l - the long

Returns:

String containing the long in base 10

See Also:

Long.toString(long)